Research Status of Zexietang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Zexietang is derived from Jingui Yaolue （《金匮要略》）， which is composed of Alismatis Rhizoma and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， and has the effect of inducing diuresis and invigorating the spleen to produce water. Compared with western medicine in the treatment of related diseases， Zexietang can not only improve the curative effect， but also reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions， so as to achieve long-term stable administration. The authors sorted out and analyzed the chemical composition， pharmacological effect and clinical application of Zexietang in recent years. It was found that the main active components of Zexietang were alismol A and B， 23-acetyl-alismol B and C， atractylenolides （atractylenolide Ⅰ， Ⅱ， Ⅲ） and polysaccharides. Pharmacological experiments showed that they had diuretic， hypolipidemic， anti-inflammatory and others. And it can be used in the treatment of hypertension， hyperlipidemia， vertigo， cerebral vascular insufficiency and other diseases combined with other Chinese materia medica， and the curative effect is obvious. By summarizing the research status of Zexietang in recent years， its active components and pharmacological mechanism can be further clarified， which provides the basis for the clinical application of Zexietang and guides the direction of its further research.

The molecular mechanism by which the circadian rhythm regulates body metabolism and research progress on intervention in the circadian rhythm by traditional Chinese medicine / 药学学报

Circadian rhythm is an internal regulatory mechanism that allows organisms to adapt to circadian changes in the external environment, and can regulate the body's steady state by affecting the metabolic pathways of multiple organs. When exogenous factors such as eating time, worktime changes, and sleep disturbances cause the body's circadian rhythm to be disrupted, the risk of developing metabolic syndrome is significantly increased. This article explores the relationship between circadian rhythm and body metabolism and summarizes the molecular mechanisms by which circadian rhythm regulates the digestive system, liver and bile acid production, and kidney function. We review research progress on intervention in the circadian rhythm by traditional Chinese medicine and provide a reasonable and valuable basis for follow-up studies on the role of traditional Chinese medicine in research on the molecular mechanisms of regulation of circadian rhythm.

Clinical and radiological results of thoracic and lumbar fracture and dislocation treated with posterior transforaminal decompression and interbody fusion / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical and radiological results of patients with thoracic and lumbar fracture and dislocation treated by posterior transforaminal decompression and interbody fusion.@*METHODS@#From June 2010 to June 2017, posterior transforaminal decompression, interbody fusion combined with pedicle screw fixation were performed in 21 patients with thoracic and lumbar fracture and dislocation. Their clinical and radiological data were collected and retrospectively analyzed, including 15 males and 6 females, aged from 25 to 58 years with an average of 45 years old. According to the criterion of American Spinal Injury(ASIA), preoperative neurological function was graded A in 3 cases, B in 7 cases, C in 6 cases, D in 4 cases and E in 1 case. Operative time and intraoperative blood loss and correlative complications were recorded. And VAS score, ODI and Cobb angle were evaluated before and after surgery. The improvement of neurological function was also analyzed at the final follow-up. Intervertebral bony fusion was observed during the follow-up by CT three-dimensional reconstruction.@*RESULTS@#The operative time was 150 to 240 min with an average of (192±47) min. The intraoperative blood loss was 380 to 750 ml with an average of(603±120) ml. Dura sac tearing and cerebral fluid leakage occurred in 3 cases and were repaired during operation; superficial wound infection occurred in 1 case, and got healing after dressing change. The postoperative follow-up duration was 24 to 45 months with an average of(37.0±9.5) months. VAS score was improved from preoperative 8.9±0.4 to immediately postoperative 4.2±1.3(<0.05). At the final follow-up, VAS score decreased further to 3.6±0.8. ODI was decreased from preoperative (95.30±3.52)% to (32.51±6.30)% at the final follow-up (<0.05). Cobb angle was corrected from preoperative (21.2±8.8)° to immediately postoperative(2.3±3.1)° (<0.05). At the final follow-up, Cobb angle was (3.2±2.5)°, showing no significant difference with immediately postoperative value. The neurological function was grade A in 3 cases, B in 3 cases, C in 5 cases, D in 6 cases and E in 4 cases at the final follow-up. All the patients got solid intervertebral bone fusion in 8 to 13 months after operation, with an average fusion time of (10.3±2.5) months.@*CONCLUSIONS@#For the patients with thoracic and lumbar fracture and dislocation mainly involving intervertebral disc and endplate plane, posterior transforaminal decompression and interbody fusion not only is less invasive, but also can effectively reconstruct spinal three column and obtain good biomechanical stability. And, it is beneficial for the good recovery of neurological function.

Content Comparison of Mannose,Glucose and Narinhenin in Dendrobium officinale and Dendrobium huoshanense / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To optimize the pre-column derivation high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) content determination method of D-mannose and D-glucose as well as the content determination method of narinhenin in Dendrobium officinale and D. huoshanense, and compare the contents of D-mannose,D-glucose and narinhenin between D. officinale and D. huoshanense. Method: A pre-column derivation HPLC method modified by Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Ch.P) 2015 was used to simultaneously determine the contents of D-mannose and D-glucose,with acetonitrile-0.02 mol·L-1 ammonium acetate solution as mobile phase for gradient elution. Kromasil 100-5 C18 was performed with the wavelength set at 250 nm,and the flow rate was 1 mL·min-1;column temperature was 30℃. HPLC content determination of narinhenin was performed on Kromasil 100-5 C18 with the acetonitrile-methanol-0.4% phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase for gradient elution,and the wavelength was set at 290 nm; the flow rate was 0.8 mL·min-1,and column temperature was 40℃. Result: D-mannose and D-glucose showed a good linear relationship within the range of 0.15-3.0 μg and 0.075-2.25 μg (r=0.999 9); and their average recoveries were 99.01% (RSD 2.1%) and 101.69% (RSD 2.0%) respectively. In addition, the other methodological researches such as repeatability and durability all met the requirements. The contents of D-mannose(Cm),D-glucose(Cg) and sum of them (Cm+Cg) were 12.75%-36.40%,2.93%-18.39% and 19.23%-54.58% in 43 batch of D. officinale. Almost all of the results except very few samples reached the D-mannose standard in Ch.P 2015, and the total content of D-mannose and D-glucose was also up to the total polysccharide standard in Ch.P. The correlation between content and origin was not significant. The contents of D-mannose(Cm),D-glucose(Cg) and sum of them (Cm+Cg) were 14.33%-29.47%,6.64%-15.20%,and 25.73%-44.37% in 12 batch of D. huoshanense. These contents and ratio of peak areas of D-mannose to D-glucose (Am/Ag) were within the scope of D. officinale's; in addition, their average contents were basically the same with those in D. officinale (about 33%).Next,naringenin showed a good linear relationship within the range of 0.020 8-0.832 0 μg (r=0.999 9),and its average recovery was 101.96% (RSD 1.8%). The content of naringenin was 0.053 2-0.122 4 mg·g-1 (average value of 0.081 0 mg·g-1) in 11 batch of D. officinale, slightly higher than 0.040 3-0.090 0 mg ·g-1 (average value of 0.068 3 mg ·g-1) in 7 batch of D. huoshanense. All of these results of narinfenin did not reach the content lower limit in Ch.P. Conclusion: The method used to determinate the content of D-mannose and D-glucose is reproducible, and their sum content is possible to substitute the total polysccaride determination (with higher errors) in D. officinale; monosaccharide content determination can be used for quantitative quality control of D. huoshanense. However, it could not distinguish D. officinale and D. huoshanense by determining the contents of polysccharide,D-glucose,D-mannose and narinhenin, and shall be combined with other specificity methods for further identification.

Isolation and Identification of Main Flavonoid Glycosides of Dendrobium officinale from Danxia Species and Yunnan Guangnan Species / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To extract,isolate,purify and identify the structures of the flavonoid glycoside in Dendrobium officinale from two different origin places (Danxia species and Yunnan Guangnan species),and provide experimental reference for confirming the common flavonoid glycoside components in D. officinale. Method: ① 70% ethanol was applied to extract the total flavonoids in leaves of D. officinale from two different species. Organic solvents petroleum ether,acetic ether and water saturated n-butyl alcohol were used in turn to extract the crude extraction. Then AB-8 Macroporous resin,Sephadex LH-20 and ODS chromatographic column were applied to isolate and purify the water saturated n-butyl alcohol extraction fraction. The structures of flavonoid glycoside were identified by studying physicochemical property,applying modern spectroscopy method like HPLC,ESI-MSn,1H-NMR,13 C-NMR,etc. ② HPLC characteristic spectrum technique was used to analyse and compare the common flavonoid glycoside components in Dendrobium officinale from different origin places (Danxia species,Yunnan Guangnan species,Guangxi Tiepilan species and Zhejiang native species). Result: Five flavonoid glycoside compounds were isolated from the crude extractions of the leaves of D. officinale from two different species,and they were identified as rutin,vicenin Ⅱ,viceninⅠ,violanthin and isoviolanthin. The characteristic spectrum of vicenin Ⅱ and viceninⅠwere detected in stems of D. officinale from four different origin places (Danxia species,Yunnan Guangnan species,Guangxi Tiepilan species and Zhejiang native species),and vicenin Ⅱ had a better separation degree in the characteristic spectrum. However,the characteristic spectrum of violanthin and isoviolanthin were more obvious in Yunnan Guangnan species and Guangxi Tiepilan species,while rutin was obvious in the Danxia species. Conclusion: Vicenin Ⅱis the common flavonoid glycosides component in D. officinale from different origin places (Danxia species,Yunnan Guangnan species,Guangxi Tiepilan species and Zhejiang native species),and can be used as the internal reference material for the characteristic spectrum of D. officinale.

HPLC Characteristic Spectrum Optimization of Flavonoid Glycosides on Dendrobium officinale and Characteristics Analysis of Different Provenances / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To optimize the HPLC characteristic spectrum of flavonoid glycosides of Dendrobium officinale,and identify the common and specific components of different provenances. Method: Kromasil 100-5 C18 column was adopted, with tetrahydrofuran-acetonitrile-methanol (10:22:5)-0.05% phosphoric acid as mobile phase (gradient elution). The detection wavelength was 340 nm,the column temperature was 30℃,and the flow rate was 1.0 mL ·min-1. Result: 13 flavonoid characteristic peaks were marked in 27 batches of D. officinale,and 7 characteristic peaks of 6 flavonoid C-glycosides (vicenin Ⅱ,vicenin Ⅰ,schaftoside,isoschaftoside,violanthin and isoviolanthin) and one flavonoid O-glycosides (rutin) was identified. 7-11 characteristic peaks were detected in different batches of samples. Among them,vicenin Ⅱ was a relatively stable common peak in different source samples,and the characteristic peaks of rutin,schaftoside and isoschaftoside were quite different. According to the relative abundance of the characteristic peaks,the samples could be divided into three categories. Among them,the first category had 10 batches of samples,which mainly came from Danxia landforms of Guangdong,Jiangxi,Fujian and Zhejiang (Wuyi) Province (which called "Danxia landform species") and characterized by detection of obvious peak of rutin. The second category had 11 batches of samples,which mainly came from Yunnan and Guangxi Province (which included "Yunnan Guangnan species" and "Guangxi Tiepilan species") and characterized by detection of violanthin and isoviolanthin. And the third category had 6 batches of samples, which were mainly derived from Zhejiang Province (which called "native species from Zhejiang") and characterized by detection of different degrees of rutin peak, but it was difficult to detect the characteristic peaks of violanthin and isoviolanthin. HPLC characteristic chromatograms of D. officinale in bionics wild cultivation and greenhouse of "Danxia landform species" and "Guangxi Tiepilan species" were compared. The results showed that the characteristic peaks in D. officinale planted in greenhouse could be detected stably,which verified the reliability of the source in D. officinale. Conclusion: The analytical method has a better separation effect on flavonoids of D. officinale, with a good reproducibility. The commonness and specificities of flavonoid glycosides components of D. officinale from different categories have basically confirmed. This suggests that Vicenin Ⅱ is suitable to be a reference peak for characteristic chromatogram. Both the relative abundance of rutin and the detection or relative abundance of violanthin and isoviolanthin peaks could be used as a reference to judge the categories of D. officinale in "Danxia landform species" or "Tiepilan species from Yunnan, South Guangdong and Guangxi" or "native species from Zhejiang".

Evaluation and Comparison of SHA.LIN,S.T.O.N.E.Nephrolithometry Scoring System,and Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society Nephrolithometry Nomogram for Predicting Stone Free Rate and Postoperative Outcomes after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy / 中国医学科学院学报

To compare the accuracy of SHA.LIN,S.T.O.N.E.nephrolithometry scoring system,and Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society(CROES)nephrolithometry nomogram in predicting percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)outcomes including stone free rate(SFR)and perioperative status. Methods The clinical data of 90 patients with nephrolithiasis undergoing PCNL in department of urology,China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2015 to March 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.The general data,stone characteristics,operation approaches,and perioperative variables were recorded.SHA.LIN,S.T.O.N.E.score,and CROES nomogram were assigned according to the computed tomography(CT)findings before surgery.Stone free status was evaluated by kidney-ureter-bladder one month after PCNL.The relationships of SHA.LIN score,S.T.O.N.E.score,and CROES score with SFR,postoperative complications,operation time(OT),length of hospital stay(LOS),estimated blood loss(EBL),and decrease of hemoglobin was evaluated.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to analyze the predictive accuracy. Results The SFR was 72.2%(65/90)and postoperative complications occurred in 33 cases(36.7%).The mean OT was(103.1±39.6)min,the mean EBL was(46.1±53.0)ml,the mean LOS was(15.3±5.2)d,the mean postoperative LOS was(8.5±3.4)d,and the mean decrease of hemoglobin was(16.1±10.2)g/L.Stone-free patients had significantly lower SHA.LIN score(8.23 10.36,=0.000)and S.T.O.N.E.score(7.05 8.16,=0.000)and significantly higher CROES score(188.50 143.89,=0.000)compared to patients with residual fragments.All these scores were not significantly associated with complications(>0.05).On the other hand,all these scores were significantly correlated with OT,EBL,and decrease of hemoglobin(SHA.LIN:=0.006,=0.028,=0.014;S.T.O.N.E.:=0.012,=0.047,=0.011;and CROES:=0.040,=0.045,=0.013).SHA.LIN(=0.001)and S.T.O.N.E.(=0.005)scores were associated with LOS.Logistic regression analysis revealed that SHA.LIN(=2.491),S.T.O.N.E.(=3.030),and CROES(=0.973)scores were significantly associated with stone-free status.ROC curves in predicting SFR showed that there was significant difference in the areas under the curves(AUC)for the SHA.LIN S.T.O.N.E.score [0.808(95% =0.711-0.905) 0.748(95% =0.632-0.864),=0.047].AUC for the CROES score [0.770(95% =0.664-0.877)] showed no significantly different for the SHA.LIN score or the S.T.O.N.E.score(>0.05). Conclusions All these three scoring systems have good predictive accuracy for SFR.SHA.LIN is more precise than S.T.O.N.E.in predicting SFR.However,they can not predict postoperative complications.

Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Kidney Treated with Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: A Case Report / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

We herein reported a 27-year-old woman with a right renal mass for two years. She underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Immunohistochemical examination of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor by revealing its positive staining for cluster of differentiation (CD)34, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and CD99 in the tumor cells. No adjuvant treatment was carried out. The patient was in good health without local recurrence or metastasis during 2 years of follow-up. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal solitary fibrous tumor is an alternative treatment to radical nephrectomy. It can provide a good outcome. However, further follow-up and more cases of renal solitary fibrous tumor treated with laparoscopic partial nephrectomy are necessary to compare the oncological outcome with radical nephrectomy.

Effect of arthroscopic assisted balloon angioplasty in patients with tibial plateau fractures and its effect on limb function / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of arthroscopic balloon angioplasty on the recovery of limb function in patients with tibial plateau fractures (FTP). Methods Sixty-eight patients with FTP were enrolled from April 2015 to August 2016. The patients were divided into control group (traditional incisional surgery) and observation group (arthroscopic balloon angioplasty) by random number method. The efficacy and the recovery of limb function in patients of the two groups,with a retrospective analysis. Results The excellent operative rate (92.18%) in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group (70.59%), and the operative rate was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). The surgical parameters (the amount of bleeding, the time of operation, the time of getting out of bed and the postoperative flowrate) in observation group were significantly better than those in control group. The SF-36 score of observation group was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of arthroplasty with bronchial angioplasty, the curative effect is more accurate, which can improve the patient's limb function and improve the patients.

Clinicopathological analysis of patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinicopathological features,treatment and prognosis of patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) and PRCC-complicated with tumor thrombus.@*METHODS@#Single center retrospective analysis of 75 patients with PRCC treated from January 2012 to October 2017 was performed. There were 55 males and 20 females at an age range of 24-82 years. Sixteen PRCC patients were complicated with tumor thrombus. All the patients were with a surgery and had clear pathological diagnosis and detailed follow-up data. The clinicopathological features, prognosis and influencing factors of the patients with PRCC and PRCC complicated with tumor thrombus were analyzed and summarized.@*RESULTS@#The average age of the 75 patients was(56.05±11.59)years,the average body mass index (BMI) was (26±3) kg/m², and the average tumor maximum diameter was (5.17±3.85) cm. There were significant differences between tumor maximum diameter larger than 7 cm and less than 7 cm (69.6% vs. 94.4%, P<0.001), lymph node metastasis and no lymph node metastasis (<38% vs. 98%, P<0.001), adrenal metastasis and no adrenal metastasis (0% vs. 95.3%, P<0.001), pulmonary metastasis and no pulmonary metastasis (0% vs.90.7%, P<0.001), complicated with and without tumor thrombus (<66.4% vs. 93.5%, P<0.001) on the effect of 3-year survival rate of the PRCC patients. In this study, there were 16 patients with type 2 PRCC complicated with tumor thrombus. There were significant differences in concomitant symptoms (62.5% vs. 22.0%, P=0.005), maximum tumor diameter (68.8% vs.13.3%, P<0.001), adrenal metastasis (18.8% vs. 0.02%, P=0.029), pulmonary metastasis (18.8% vs. 0%, P=0.008), nuclear grade (P<0.001) and pathological type (100% vs. 44.1%, P<0.001) between the PRCC patients with and without tumor thrombus.@*CONCLUSION@#There were significant differences in tumor diameter,lymph node metastasis,adrenal metastasis, pulmonary metastasis,pathological type, nuclear grade and tumor thrombus in the effect of the 3-year survival rate of PRCC patients. PRCC patients with tumor thrombus were more commonly suffered from type 2 PRCC, for whom the tumor diameter was larger,the nuclear grade was higher,and the distance metastasis happened more easily.

Purifying process of gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins based on "adjoint marker" online control technology and identification of their compositions by UPLC-QTOF-MS / 中国中药杂志

To optimize the purification process of gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins (GPS) based on "adjoint marker" online control technology with GPS as the testing index. UPLC-QTOF-MS technology was used for qualitative analysis. "Adjoint marker" online control results showed that the end point of load sample was that the UV absorbance of effluent liquid was equal to half of that of load sample solution, and the absorbance was basically stable when the end point was stable. In UPLC-QTOF-MS qualitative analysis, 16 saponins were identified from GPS, including 13 known gynostemma saponins and 3 new saponins. This optimized method was proved to be simple, scientific, reasonable, easy for online determination, real-time record, and can be better applied to the mass production and automation of production. The results of qualitative analysis indicated that the "adjoint marker" online control technology can well retain main efficacy components of medicinal materials, and provide analysis tools for the process control and quality traceability.

Clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of ganglioneuroma in spine / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the clinical manifestation and diagnosis of ganglioneuroma in spine and investigate the clinical effect of surgical treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 6 patients underwent a surgery for ganglioneuroma in spine from January 2008 to January 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 4 males and 2 females, aged from 2 to 63 years old with an average of 34.6 years. The courses of disease were from 3 days to 17 years. Five patients complicated with superficial hypesthesia in correlative level of tumor, and the muscle strength under tumor plane had decreased at different levels, with the strength of grade II-IV. Two cases complicated with hypermyotonia and positive bilateral Hoffmann's and Babinski sign. Five cases were sporadic lesion in correlative spinal canal and one case complicated with the giant occupying lesion in thoracic cavity.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six operations had been performed including 5 en bloc and 1 subtotal resection. Postoperative pathological results showed tumor cells scattered or fasciculated inserted into Schwann cells in the stroma. In 2 patients complicated with radiculalgia before operation, 1 case was relieved and 1 was invariant after operation. All 4 patients with preoperative dyscinesia in the limbs obtained improvement after operation. All the patients were followed up from 0.3 to 6.8 years with an average of 2.5 years. At the final follow-up, according to ASIA grade, 5 cases were good and 1 case was invariant. During the follow-up, only 1 patient experienced chemoradiation because of merging ganglioneuroblastoma and receiving subtotal resection. No recurrence in other 5 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ganglioneuroma is a benign and rare tumors in spine. Clinically, radicular pain and sensory-motor disorders are the main manifestations. Its diagnosis depends on pathological examination. Prognosis of surgical treatment is good.</p>

Simultaneous determination of ephedrine hydrochloride, D-pseudoephedrine and amygdalin in xiao'er pingchuan qutan granule by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an HPLC method for the determination of ephedrine hydrochloride, D-pseudo-ephedrine and amygdalin in Xiao'er Pingchuan Qutan granule.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Pheny ether chromatographic column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was adopted, with acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid (containing 0.1% three ethylamine) (3:97) as the mobile phase. The UV detection wavelength was at 210 nm, with the flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), and column temperature was at 35 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The linearity of ephedrine hydrochloride, D-pseudo-ephedrine and amygdalin ranged between 0.078 60-3.144 microg (r = 1.000 0), 0.103 4-2.068 microg (r = 0.999 7) and 0.430 5-3.157 microg (r = 0.999 8), respectively. Their average recoveries were 98.46% (RSD 1.1%), 103.0% (RSD 1.5%) and 97.15% (RSD 2.1%), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is simple, stable and reliable that it can be used to determine the content of ephedrine hydrochloride, D-pseudo-ephedrine and amygdalin in Xiao'er Pingchuan Qutan granule.</p>

Effect of neck muscular strength training at different time durations for military pilots / 医用生物力学

Objective To test and evaluate the effect of neck muscular strength training for military pilots at different time durations based on a self-developed pilot neck muscle training device. Methods The neck muscular strength training device, CME-1, was used to train the military pilots and military smithery members for 2, 3 and 6 weeks, respectively. The isometric and changeable velocity and resistant (CVR) modes were performed and the neck muscular strength at those different time durations was measured to evaluate the training effect. Results For all 60 military pilots trained at different time durations, the average neck muscular strength and the mean value of peak impulse in 10 seconds in anteflexion, retroflexion, right/left lateroflexion were significantly improved after training (P0.05). For 11 military smithery members after 6 weeks’ training, both the average muscular strength and the mean value of peak impulse in 10 seconds in all directions were significantly enhanced (P<0.001), with the average muscular strength increased by 71.1％, 83.7％, 78.6％ and 75.2％ respectively, while the mean value of peak impulse in 10 seconds was increased by 136.9％, 138.5％, 114.1％ and 114.4％, respectively. Conclusions This study provides the physiological basis for establishing the military standards of neck muscular strength training for different fighter pilots, the proper method for training those pilots with low neck muscular strength, as well as the reference of neck muscular training duration and strength target for high performance aircrafts and carrier aircrafts.

Differentially expressed microRNAs at different stages of atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease, carotid artery disease, and peripheral vascular disease. However, it is hard to obtain human arterial tissue at different stages of atherosclerosis for a systematic study. The ApoE-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice predictably develop spontaneous atherosclerotic plaques with numerous features similar to the human lesions and contain nearly the entire spectrum of lesions observed during atherogenesis in humans. MicroRNA expression profiles at different stages of atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice were screened to find out the differentially expressed microRNAs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ApoE-deficient mice were euthanized at 4, 8, and 20 weeks of age and divided into three groups according to the three time points, including groups A4 (fed a Western-type diet for 0 week), A8 (fed a Western-type diet for 4 weeks), and A20 (fed a Western-type diet for 16 weeks). Atherosclerotic lesions were analyzed. Fifteen aortas were collected and combined into three pools (five aortas in one pool) in each group. MicroRNA microarray analysis was replicated thrice in each group. The threshold of fold change ≥ 2.0 was used to screen up or down-regulated microRNAs. Differentially expressed microRNAs were subsequently verified with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Those increasingly up or down-regulated microRNAs during the progression of atherosclerosis were selected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Atherosclerotic lesions first appeared in the aortic arch in group A8. Severe atherosclerotic lesions were observed in group A20. In group A8, seven MicroRNAs were up-regulated while two were down-regulated. In group A20, 15 microRNAs were up-regulated while two were down-regulated. miR-34a-5p and miR-497-5p were increasingly up-regulated, while miR-434-3p was progressively down-regulated when atherosclerosis progressed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In this study, we described that microRNAs are differentially expressed at different stages of atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice. Those increasingly up or down-regulated microRNAs during the progression of atherosclerosis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and provide us opportunities for investigating atherosclerosis from early to advanced stages.</p>

Colonization and plant growth promoting characterization of endophytic Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain Zong1 isolated from Sophora alopecuroides root nodules

The endophytic strain Zong1 isolated from root nodules of the legume Sophora alopecuroides was characterized by conducting physiological and biochemical tests employing gfp-marking, observing their plant growth promoting characteristics (PGPC) and detecting plant growth parameters of inoculation assays under greenhouse conditions. Results showed that strain Zong1 had an effective growth at 28 ºC after placed at 4-60 ºC for 15 min, had a wide range pH tolerance of 6.0-11.0 and salt tolerance up to 5% of NaCl. Zong1 was resistant to the following antibiotics (µg/mL): Phosphonomycin (100), Penicillin (100) and Ampicillin (100). It could grow in the medium supplemented with 1.2 mmol/L Cu, 0.1% (w/v) methylene blue and 0.1-0.2% (w/v) methyl red, respectively. Zong1 is closely related to Pseudomonas chlororaphis based on analysis the sequence of 16S rRNA gene. Its expression of the gfp gene indicated that strain Zong1 may colonize in root or root nodules and verified by microscopic observation. Furthermore, co-inoculation with Zong1 and SQ1 (Mesorhizobium sp.) showed significant effects compared to single inoculation for the following PGPC parameters: siderophore production, phosphate solubilization, organic acid production, IAA production and antifungal activity in vitro. These results suggest strains P. chlororaphi Zong1 and Mesorhizobium sp. SQ1 have better synergistic or addictive effect. It was noteworthy that each growth index of co-inoculated Zong1+SQ1 in growth assays under greenhouse conditions is higher than those of single inoculation, and showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) when compared to a negative control. Therefore, as an endophyte P. chlororaphis Zong1 may play important roles as a potential plantgrowth promoting agent.

Biomechanical study of the atlantoaxial joint after artificial atlanto-odontoid joint arthroplasty / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the stability and three-dimensional movements of the atlantoaxial joint after artificial atlanto-odontoid joint (AAOJ) arthroplasty by comparing with a conventional method.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After anterior decompression, 24 human cadaveric spinal specimens of C0-C3 were randomly divided into two groups: Group A receiving artificial AAOJ arthroplasty; Group B experiencing anterior transarticular screw (ATAS) fixation. Two groups underwent flexibility test in intact and instrumented states. Rotational angle of the C0-C3 segments was measured to study the immediate stability and function of anterior decompression with AAOJ arthroplasty compared with the intact state and ATAS fixation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the intact state, anterior decompression with AAOJ arthroplasty resulted in a significant decrease in the range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone (NZ) during flexion, extension and lateral bending (P less than 0.05); however, with regard to axial rotation, there was no significant difference in ROM and NZ (P larger than 0.05). Compared with anterior decompression with ATAS fixation, anterior decompression with AAOJ arthroplasty during flexion, extension and lateral bending, significant difference was found in ROM and NZ (P larger than 0.05); however, as for axial rotation, there was a significant increase in ROM and NZ (P less than 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The self-designed AAOJ has an excellent biomechanical performance, which can restore excellent instant stability and preserve the movement of the atlantoaxial joint.</p>

Hereditary tendency of varicocele / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the hereditary tendency of varicocele.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We included in this study 112 varicocele patients, 117 direct male relatives of the patients, and 100 healthy men as controls. We compared the incidence of varicocele tween the direct relative group and the control group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The direct male relatives of the varicocele patients had a significantly higher incidence of varicocele than the healthy controls (36.8% vs 17%, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The increased incidence of varicocele in the direct male relatives of the patients indicated a hereditary tendency of the disease.</p>

Proliferation-inhibiting and apoptosis-inducing effects of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid on multi-drug resistance cancer cells in vitro / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the proliferation-inhibiting and apoptosis-inducing effects of ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) on multi-drug resistance (MDR) cancer cells in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>UA and OA in different concentrations (0-100 μmol/L) were added separately to cultures of different cancer cell lines, including the human colon cancer cell lines SW480 and SW620, human acute myelocytic leukemia cancer cell lines HL60 and HL60/ADR, human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell lines K562 and K562/ADR, and the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR. Effects of UA and OA on cell proliferation were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazole)-2-5-biphenly-tetrazole bromide (MTT) method and effects on cell apoptosis were tested by flow cytometry (FCM) and Western blot at 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both UA and OA showed significant inhibition on parent and MDR cell lines in a time- and concentration-dependent manner; the drug-resistant multiple of them on K562 and K562/ADR as well as on HL60 and HL60/ADR was 1; the effects of UA were better than those of OA in inhibiting cell growth of solid colonic cancer and breast cancer. After SW480 cells were treated by UA at the concentrations of 0-40 μmol/L for 48 h, FCM showed that annexin V (AV) positive cells and hypodiploid peak ratio increased along with the increase in the drug's concentrations; and Western blot found that expressions of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and survivin decreased in a concentration-dependent manner.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both UA and OA have antitumor effects on cancer cells with MDR, and the optimal effect is shown by UA on colonic cancer cells. Also, UA shows cell apoptosis-inducing effect on SW480, possibly by way of down-regulating the expressions of apoptosis antagonistic proteins, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and survivin.</p>

Analysis of 51 cases of medical disputes in death after percutaneous coronary intervention / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the causes and features of medical disputes in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the cardiology and to provide references for forensic expert testimony and medical disputes prevention.@*METHODS@#Fifty one disputed fatal cases in PCI were analyzed in terms of the cause of death, informed consent and medical operations retrospectively.@*RESULTS@#Thirty five cases were due to medical negligence, 28 due to defect technical operation, 2 due to mistake medical management and 5 due to both defect technical operation and mistake medical management.@*CONCLUSION@#The causes of PCI medical negligence are defect medical operation, violate medical disciplines and insufficiency of informed consent.